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In cryptography, the shrinking generator is a form of pseudorandom number generator intended to be used in a stream cipher. It was published in Crypto 1993 by Don Coppersmith, Hugo Krawczyk, and Yishay Mansour. The shrinking generator uses two linear feedback shift registers. One, called the A sequence, generates output bits, while the other, called the S sequence, controls their output. Both A and S are clocked; if the S bit is 1, then the A bit is output; if the S bit is 0, the A bit is discarded, nothing is output, and we clock the registers again. This has the disadvantage that the generator's output rate varies irregularly, and in a way that hints at the state of S; this problem can be overcome by buffering the output. Despite this simplicity, there are currently no known attacks better than exhaustive search when the feedback polynomials are secret. If the feedback polynomials are known, however, the best known attack requires less than A•S bits of output.〔Caballero-Gil, P. et al. (New Attack Strategy for the Shrinking Generator ) ''Journal of Research and Practice in Information Technology'', Vol. 41, No. 2, May 2009.〕 An interesting variant is the self-shrinking generator. ==An implementation of a shrinking generator in Python== This example uses two Galois LFRSs to produce the output pseudorandom bitstream. The python code can be used to encrypt and decrypt a file or any bytestream. #!/usr/bin/python import sys # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- # Crypto4o functions start here # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- class glfsr: def __init__(self, polynom, initial_value): self.polynom = polynom | 1 self.data = initial_value tmp = polynom self.mask = 1 while tmp != 0: if tmp & self.mask != 0: tmp = tmp ^ self.mask; if tmp == 0: break self.mask = self.mask << 1 def next_state(self): self.data = self.data << 1 retval = 0 if self.data & self.mask != 0: retval = 1 self.data = self.data ^ self.polynom return retval class sprng: def __init__(self, polynom_d, init_value_d, polynom_c, init_value_c): self.glfsr_d = glfsr(polynom_d, init_value_d) self.glfsr_c = glfsr(polynom_c, init_value_c) def next_byte(self): byte = 0 bitpos = 7 while 1 == 1: bit_d = self.glfsr_d.next_state() bit_c = self.glfsr_c.next_state() if bit_c != 0: bit_r = bit_d byte = byte | (bit_r << bitpos) bitpos = bitpos - 1 if bitpos < 0: break return byte # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- # Crypto4o functions end here # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- def main(): prng = sprng(int(sys.argv(), 16), int(sys.argv(), 16), int(sys.argv(), 16), int(sys.argv(), 16)) print "GLFSR D0: using polynom 0x%X, initial value: 0x%X." % (int(sys.argv(), 16), int(sys.argv(), 16)) print "GLFSR C0: using polynom 0x%X, initial value: 0x%X." % (int(sys.argv(), 16), int(sys.argv(), 16)) f = open(sys.argv(), "rb") g = open(sys.argv(), "wb") while 1 == 1: input_ch = f.read(1) if input_ch == "": break random_ch = prng.next_byte() & 0xff g.write(chr(ord(input_ch) ^ random_ch)) f.close() g.close() main() The C code is also available, see External links. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Shrinking generator」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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